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CALCULATION OF PERMANENT HARDNESS
Total permanent water hardness is calculated with the following formula:
TOTAL PERMANENT HARDNESS = CALCIUM HARDNESS + MAGNESIUM HARDNESS
The calcium and magnesium hardness is the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions expressed as equivalent of calcium carbonate. The molar mass of CaCO3, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are respectivel
The ratio of the molar masses are:
So total permanent water hardness expressed as equivalent of CaCO3 can be calculated with the following formula:
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